Gender Queer & Bursting the Binary
Posted: Mon Mar 17, 2008 11:51 am
This mornings New York Times has an outstanding article about a young person who is in the process of transitioning. Rey is transitioning from female to not-female. The very end of the article sums up Reys position very clearly and succinctly, Theres this crazy gender binary thats built into all of life, that there are just two genders that are acceptable. I dont want to have to fit into that. Its a long read, but an excellent piece.
When Girls Will Be Boys
By ALISSA QUART
The New York Times
Sunday, March 16, 2008
It was late on a rainy fall day, and a college freshman named Rey was showing me the new tattoo on his arm. It commemorated his 500-mile hike through Europe the previous summer, which happened also to be, he said, the last time he was happy. We sat together for a while in his room talking, his tattoo of a piece with his spiky brown hair, oversize tribal earrings and very baggy jeans. He showed me a photo of himself and his girlfriend kissing, pointed out his small drum kit, a bass guitar that lay next to his rumpled clothes and towels and empty bottles of green tea, one full of dried flowers, and the ink self-portraits and drawings of nudes that he had tacked to the walls. Thick jasmine incense competed with his cigarette smoke. He changed the music on his laptop with the melancholy, slightly startled air of a college boy on his own for the first time.
Reys story, though, had some unusual dimensions. The elite college he began attending last year in New York City, with its academically competitive. fresh-faced students, happened to be a womens school, Barnard. Thats because when Rey first entered the freshman class, he was a woman.
Rey, who asked that neither his last name nor his given name be used to protect his and his familys privacy, grew up in Chappaqua, the affluent Westchester suburb that is home to the Clintons, and had a relatively ordinary, middle-class Jewish childhood. Rey, as he now calls himself, loved his younger brother, his parents were together and he was a good student, excelling in English and history. But he always had the distinct feeling that he wasnt the sex he was supposed to be. As a kid, he was often mistaken for a boy, which was mostly cool, Rey said. When I was 5, I told my parents not to correct people when strangers thought I was a boy. I was never a girl, really I questioned my own gender, and other people also questioned my gender for me. When Rey entered puberty, he felt the loss of the tomboy sobriquet acutely.
My body changed in freshman year of high school, and it made me depressed, Rey said. That year, he started to wonder whether he was really meant to become a woman. His friends in high school were almost all skater boys and musicians, and he related to them as if he were one of them. He began to define himself as omnisexual, although he was mostly attracted to women.
The idea that he might actually want to transition from female to male began to take shape for Rey when he was 14 or 15; he cant quite remember when exactly. A transmale speaker guy gave a talk at a meeting of his high schools Gay Straight Alliance, and Rey was inspired. Then he took a typical step for someone going to high school in the first years of this century. He went home and typed transgender into Google.
At the end of his freshman year in high school, he met Melissa, a student at Smith College who was back in Westchester for summer break and later became his girlfriend. During one of their days together, Melissa, who was immersed in campus gender activism, mentioned the concept of being a transman and spoke of her transmale friends. Rey confided his questions about his gender identity to her, and she encouraged him to explore them further. For most of high school, Rey spent hours online reading about transgendered people and their lives. The Internet is the best thing for trans people, he said. Living in the suburbs, online groups were an access point. He also started reading memoirs of transgendered people. He asked Melissa to explain the gender theory she was learning in college.
In his senior year, he took on the name Rey. At 17, he finally felt ready to come out as trans to his family, who according to Rey struggled to understand his new identity. Around that time, he also visited a clinic in Manhattan, hoping to start hormone therapy. He was told that unless he wanted his parents involved in the process, hed have to wait until he was 18. In the meantime, Rey began to apply to colleges. He wanted to go to a hippie school, as he put it, yet he felt pressure to choose a school like Barnard that hewed to an Ivy League profile. Though he decided on Barnard, he still planned to start on testosterone as soon as he turned 18. When I asked him why he wanted to start hormone therapy so soon, he replied simply, You live your life and you feel like a boy. Of course, living life like a boy is not what an elite womens college has historically been about.
At 18, Rey is part of a growing population of transgender students at the nations colleges and universities. While still a rarity, young women who become men in college, also known as transmen or transmales, have grown in number over the last 10 years. According to Brett-Genny Janiczek Beemyn, director of the Stonewall Center at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, who has studied trans students on college campuses, adults who wished to transition historically did so in middle age. Today a larger percentage of transitions occur in adolescence or young adulthood. The National Center for Transgender Equality estimates that between a quarter of a percent and 1 percent of the U.S. population is transgender up to three million Americans though other estimates are lower and precise figures are difficult to come by. Still, the growing number of young people who transition when they are teenagers or very young adults has placed a new pressure on colleges, especially womens colleges, to accommodate them.
The number of young people who openly identify as transgendered has grown for a few reasons. Some parents of young children who are gender nonconforming usually children who identify psychologically with the opposite sex but also children who have hermaphroditic traits, like indeterminate sex organs now allow their kids to choose whether they are referred to as he or she and whether to wear boys or girls clothing. And some of these parents, under a doctors supervision, have even begun to administer hormone blockers to prevent the arrival of secondary sex characteristics until a gender variant child is old enough to make permanent choices. The Internet also offers greater access to information about transmale and gender-variant identities.
In addition, 147 colleges and universities nationwide now include gender identity and expression in their nondiscrimination policies, and students will often use gender-neutral pronouns like ze and hir especially if they post on campus message boards. At Wesleyan last year, students initiated a survey of bathrooms, checking to see if they were transgender-friendly open to all sexes. Many colleges now have Transgender Days of Remembrance in memory of victims of gender-identity-related hate crimes. Students at the University of Vermont hold a yearly Translating Identity Conference for trans college students that draws hundreds of people from around the country. The increasing number of trans college students has even given rise to a surprisingly deft reality television show, Transgeneration, on the Sundance Channel, which featured a transmale student at Smith College.
The conventional thinking is that trans people feel they are born in the wrong body. But today many students who identify as trans are seeking not simply to change their sex but to create an identity outside or between established genders they may refuse to use any gender pronouns whatsoever or take a gender-neutral name but never modify their bodies chemically or surgically. These students are also considered part of the trans community, though they are known as either gender nonconforming or genderqueer rather than transmen or transmale.
At many of Americas first-tier womens colleges, the growth of the trans community has led to campus workshops on transgender identity. According to students at Smith, a good number of restrooms have been made over as gender neutral. And some professors make sure to ask students to fill out slips indicating their preferred names and pronouns. Students at several womens colleges have also created trans groups to reflect their experiences and political views. According to one transmale student I talked to at Wellesley, there are at least 15 gender-nonconforming students at the college, ranging from full-on trans to genderqueer, who have formed their own group. Other womens colleges, like Smith, have in the last few years had on-campus gender-nonconforming groups with up to 30 members, more than 1 percent of that schools population.
Which doesnt mean it isnt sometimes a struggle to be trans or gender-nonconforming on campus. Many trans students feel themselves to be excluded or isolated at womens schools and at coed colleges. Some talk of being razzed or insulted by fellow students. And even within a colleges gender-nonconforming population, students are often divided among those who define themselves as men but dont transition medically, those who do and those who prefer not to define themselves as either male or female.
These difficulties are a natural part of being a minority that is still fighting for acceptance. But trans students problems can also be institutional. The presence of trans students at womens colleges cant help raising the question of whether or to what degree these colleges can serve students who no longer see themselves as women.
From his first week at Barnard, Rey told me, he felt he was struggling. The women on campus seemed to Rey to be socially conservative and archly feminine, and he felt he had to seek solace elsewhere. At the Callen-Lorde Community Health Center in downtown Manhattan the medical facility for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender people that he visited while he was still in high school he began to get biweekly testosterone T shots (he turned 18 in September). Rey had psychological counseling elsewhere first; typically a letter of referral from a mental-health professional is required before anyone between 18 and 24 can receive hormone therapy. Rey also began to bind his breasts. But binding hurt, he said; it made it hard for him to breathe. He especially hated having to alter your body every morning so you can go through the world and people will accept you.
But as a transmale student in a sea of women at Barnard, he felt alone. He longed to be with his girlfriend, Melissa, and with transmale friends, some of whom, like Rey, were attending womens colleges. Even as he sought to adopt a more conventionally male appearance, he wanted to maintain his ties with his former self. I am all for not rubbing out my past as female, he told me.
But it was not to be that simple. As a transmale college student, he was something of a pioneer. And he began to hit some walls.
In the first week of September, he found out that his roommates had complained to the colleges freshman housing director about being asked to share their rooms with a man. They wanted Rey to find somewhere else to live. According to Dorothy Denburg, the dean who spoke to Rey about the situation, these young women were disturbed when Rey told them on the first day that he was a transboy and wanted to be referred to by male pronouns. Reys roommates had, after all, chosen to attend a womens college in order to live and be educated in the company of other women. Barnard doesnt have singles for freshmen. As Rey saw it, he was simply shut out by his two roommates and by the rest of the school. A week after learning of his roommates disapproval, Rey, together with the dean and his parents, decided that Rey should transfer to Columbias School of General Studies.
Rey felt lost. He slept on peoples couches and stayed with one friend, a Columbia student and fellow trans activist, for a week. The story of his rooming travails ultimately wound up on the gossip pages of The New York Post. The Post squib cast Rey as an infiltrator in one of the last girls-with-pearls bastions.
They were very typical feminine girls, explained Rey. I didnt fit in. Its why I didnt hang out with straight girls for most of high school I hung out with queer women. Around the Barnard women, I felt extremely other.
Rey described the days that followed as the worst semester ever. As his new hormone regime began to take effect, he started to go through male puberty, which meant increased bone mass and a deepening voice and facial hair. He struggled to lead the normal life of an arty college student: eating vegan, going to clubs, keeping his grades up. Only recently, Rey says, has his life has brightened. Indeed the transformation from the person he was to who he has become is startling. The second time we met, on a street corner near Columbia in Upper Manhattan, was a cold but sunny day in January, and Rey was aglow, smiling and laughing. Accompanied by his girlfriend, Melissa, now a graceful college senior, he greeted me with a hug.
The reason for this cheer, he said, was that he finally felt on the way to becoming who he really is. The testosterone shots he had received every other week since October had lowered his voice a few octaves. He was in the process of legally changing his name to a male name, although he couldnt decide whether to go casual (Rey) or Old Testament (Asher). And in December Rey underwent what he called chest reconstruction surgery, also known as top surgery, which he paid for out of pocket.
Melissa helped Rey through it, feeding him antibiotics and massaging his postsurgery chest with arnica cream. He joined a campus trans organization, GendeRevolution. In a few short months, he had become a full-blown activist. He quit smoking. To cap it off, he was bar-mitzvahed in Israel in January. Hed had his bat mitzvah at 13, but as Rey put it, he didnt feel connected to the experience. He was bar-mitzvahed without his parents in attendance, but he took the rite of passage to heart. After all, at 13 hed become a woman. Now, at 18, he was a man.
Despite the seriousness of the issues Rey has dealt with, all in such a short time, he often seemed like a giddy teenager, probably because he still was one. Clad in his usual uniform of baggy pants and a B-Boy cap covered with images of euros, he gossiped about his friends, music, sex and food, from time to time throwing his arm around Melissa, who is pixielike, slim and Reys height a little over five feet. She was wearing skinny jeans and ballet flats. She was so supportive of Reys transformation that she was taken aback when I asked if his period of postoperative recovery had been hard for her.
Hes so much happier now, she said. Even though Melissa always defined herself as a lesbian, she said her partners transition made sense to her. Part of the couples sangfroid is generational she and Rey see themselves as genderqueer rather than gay. For them, sexual orientation is fluid. Like some of their peers, Melissa and Rey want to be and sometimes imagine they already are part of the first generation to transcend gender.
When Girls Will Be Boys
By ALISSA QUART
The New York Times
Sunday, March 16, 2008
It was late on a rainy fall day, and a college freshman named Rey was showing me the new tattoo on his arm. It commemorated his 500-mile hike through Europe the previous summer, which happened also to be, he said, the last time he was happy. We sat together for a while in his room talking, his tattoo of a piece with his spiky brown hair, oversize tribal earrings and very baggy jeans. He showed me a photo of himself and his girlfriend kissing, pointed out his small drum kit, a bass guitar that lay next to his rumpled clothes and towels and empty bottles of green tea, one full of dried flowers, and the ink self-portraits and drawings of nudes that he had tacked to the walls. Thick jasmine incense competed with his cigarette smoke. He changed the music on his laptop with the melancholy, slightly startled air of a college boy on his own for the first time.
Reys story, though, had some unusual dimensions. The elite college he began attending last year in New York City, with its academically competitive. fresh-faced students, happened to be a womens school, Barnard. Thats because when Rey first entered the freshman class, he was a woman.
Rey, who asked that neither his last name nor his given name be used to protect his and his familys privacy, grew up in Chappaqua, the affluent Westchester suburb that is home to the Clintons, and had a relatively ordinary, middle-class Jewish childhood. Rey, as he now calls himself, loved his younger brother, his parents were together and he was a good student, excelling in English and history. But he always had the distinct feeling that he wasnt the sex he was supposed to be. As a kid, he was often mistaken for a boy, which was mostly cool, Rey said. When I was 5, I told my parents not to correct people when strangers thought I was a boy. I was never a girl, really I questioned my own gender, and other people also questioned my gender for me. When Rey entered puberty, he felt the loss of the tomboy sobriquet acutely.
My body changed in freshman year of high school, and it made me depressed, Rey said. That year, he started to wonder whether he was really meant to become a woman. His friends in high school were almost all skater boys and musicians, and he related to them as if he were one of them. He began to define himself as omnisexual, although he was mostly attracted to women.
The idea that he might actually want to transition from female to male began to take shape for Rey when he was 14 or 15; he cant quite remember when exactly. A transmale speaker guy gave a talk at a meeting of his high schools Gay Straight Alliance, and Rey was inspired. Then he took a typical step for someone going to high school in the first years of this century. He went home and typed transgender into Google.
At the end of his freshman year in high school, he met Melissa, a student at Smith College who was back in Westchester for summer break and later became his girlfriend. During one of their days together, Melissa, who was immersed in campus gender activism, mentioned the concept of being a transman and spoke of her transmale friends. Rey confided his questions about his gender identity to her, and she encouraged him to explore them further. For most of high school, Rey spent hours online reading about transgendered people and their lives. The Internet is the best thing for trans people, he said. Living in the suburbs, online groups were an access point. He also started reading memoirs of transgendered people. He asked Melissa to explain the gender theory she was learning in college.
In his senior year, he took on the name Rey. At 17, he finally felt ready to come out as trans to his family, who according to Rey struggled to understand his new identity. Around that time, he also visited a clinic in Manhattan, hoping to start hormone therapy. He was told that unless he wanted his parents involved in the process, hed have to wait until he was 18. In the meantime, Rey began to apply to colleges. He wanted to go to a hippie school, as he put it, yet he felt pressure to choose a school like Barnard that hewed to an Ivy League profile. Though he decided on Barnard, he still planned to start on testosterone as soon as he turned 18. When I asked him why he wanted to start hormone therapy so soon, he replied simply, You live your life and you feel like a boy. Of course, living life like a boy is not what an elite womens college has historically been about.
At 18, Rey is part of a growing population of transgender students at the nations colleges and universities. While still a rarity, young women who become men in college, also known as transmen or transmales, have grown in number over the last 10 years. According to Brett-Genny Janiczek Beemyn, director of the Stonewall Center at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, who has studied trans students on college campuses, adults who wished to transition historically did so in middle age. Today a larger percentage of transitions occur in adolescence or young adulthood. The National Center for Transgender Equality estimates that between a quarter of a percent and 1 percent of the U.S. population is transgender up to three million Americans though other estimates are lower and precise figures are difficult to come by. Still, the growing number of young people who transition when they are teenagers or very young adults has placed a new pressure on colleges, especially womens colleges, to accommodate them.
The number of young people who openly identify as transgendered has grown for a few reasons. Some parents of young children who are gender nonconforming usually children who identify psychologically with the opposite sex but also children who have hermaphroditic traits, like indeterminate sex organs now allow their kids to choose whether they are referred to as he or she and whether to wear boys or girls clothing. And some of these parents, under a doctors supervision, have even begun to administer hormone blockers to prevent the arrival of secondary sex characteristics until a gender variant child is old enough to make permanent choices. The Internet also offers greater access to information about transmale and gender-variant identities.
In addition, 147 colleges and universities nationwide now include gender identity and expression in their nondiscrimination policies, and students will often use gender-neutral pronouns like ze and hir especially if they post on campus message boards. At Wesleyan last year, students initiated a survey of bathrooms, checking to see if they were transgender-friendly open to all sexes. Many colleges now have Transgender Days of Remembrance in memory of victims of gender-identity-related hate crimes. Students at the University of Vermont hold a yearly Translating Identity Conference for trans college students that draws hundreds of people from around the country. The increasing number of trans college students has even given rise to a surprisingly deft reality television show, Transgeneration, on the Sundance Channel, which featured a transmale student at Smith College.
The conventional thinking is that trans people feel they are born in the wrong body. But today many students who identify as trans are seeking not simply to change their sex but to create an identity outside or between established genders they may refuse to use any gender pronouns whatsoever or take a gender-neutral name but never modify their bodies chemically or surgically. These students are also considered part of the trans community, though they are known as either gender nonconforming or genderqueer rather than transmen or transmale.
At many of Americas first-tier womens colleges, the growth of the trans community has led to campus workshops on transgender identity. According to students at Smith, a good number of restrooms have been made over as gender neutral. And some professors make sure to ask students to fill out slips indicating their preferred names and pronouns. Students at several womens colleges have also created trans groups to reflect their experiences and political views. According to one transmale student I talked to at Wellesley, there are at least 15 gender-nonconforming students at the college, ranging from full-on trans to genderqueer, who have formed their own group. Other womens colleges, like Smith, have in the last few years had on-campus gender-nonconforming groups with up to 30 members, more than 1 percent of that schools population.
Which doesnt mean it isnt sometimes a struggle to be trans or gender-nonconforming on campus. Many trans students feel themselves to be excluded or isolated at womens schools and at coed colleges. Some talk of being razzed or insulted by fellow students. And even within a colleges gender-nonconforming population, students are often divided among those who define themselves as men but dont transition medically, those who do and those who prefer not to define themselves as either male or female.
These difficulties are a natural part of being a minority that is still fighting for acceptance. But trans students problems can also be institutional. The presence of trans students at womens colleges cant help raising the question of whether or to what degree these colleges can serve students who no longer see themselves as women.
From his first week at Barnard, Rey told me, he felt he was struggling. The women on campus seemed to Rey to be socially conservative and archly feminine, and he felt he had to seek solace elsewhere. At the Callen-Lorde Community Health Center in downtown Manhattan the medical facility for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender people that he visited while he was still in high school he began to get biweekly testosterone T shots (he turned 18 in September). Rey had psychological counseling elsewhere first; typically a letter of referral from a mental-health professional is required before anyone between 18 and 24 can receive hormone therapy. Rey also began to bind his breasts. But binding hurt, he said; it made it hard for him to breathe. He especially hated having to alter your body every morning so you can go through the world and people will accept you.
But as a transmale student in a sea of women at Barnard, he felt alone. He longed to be with his girlfriend, Melissa, and with transmale friends, some of whom, like Rey, were attending womens colleges. Even as he sought to adopt a more conventionally male appearance, he wanted to maintain his ties with his former self. I am all for not rubbing out my past as female, he told me.
But it was not to be that simple. As a transmale college student, he was something of a pioneer. And he began to hit some walls.
In the first week of September, he found out that his roommates had complained to the colleges freshman housing director about being asked to share their rooms with a man. They wanted Rey to find somewhere else to live. According to Dorothy Denburg, the dean who spoke to Rey about the situation, these young women were disturbed when Rey told them on the first day that he was a transboy and wanted to be referred to by male pronouns. Reys roommates had, after all, chosen to attend a womens college in order to live and be educated in the company of other women. Barnard doesnt have singles for freshmen. As Rey saw it, he was simply shut out by his two roommates and by the rest of the school. A week after learning of his roommates disapproval, Rey, together with the dean and his parents, decided that Rey should transfer to Columbias School of General Studies.
Rey felt lost. He slept on peoples couches and stayed with one friend, a Columbia student and fellow trans activist, for a week. The story of his rooming travails ultimately wound up on the gossip pages of The New York Post. The Post squib cast Rey as an infiltrator in one of the last girls-with-pearls bastions.
They were very typical feminine girls, explained Rey. I didnt fit in. Its why I didnt hang out with straight girls for most of high school I hung out with queer women. Around the Barnard women, I felt extremely other.
Rey described the days that followed as the worst semester ever. As his new hormone regime began to take effect, he started to go through male puberty, which meant increased bone mass and a deepening voice and facial hair. He struggled to lead the normal life of an arty college student: eating vegan, going to clubs, keeping his grades up. Only recently, Rey says, has his life has brightened. Indeed the transformation from the person he was to who he has become is startling. The second time we met, on a street corner near Columbia in Upper Manhattan, was a cold but sunny day in January, and Rey was aglow, smiling and laughing. Accompanied by his girlfriend, Melissa, now a graceful college senior, he greeted me with a hug.
The reason for this cheer, he said, was that he finally felt on the way to becoming who he really is. The testosterone shots he had received every other week since October had lowered his voice a few octaves. He was in the process of legally changing his name to a male name, although he couldnt decide whether to go casual (Rey) or Old Testament (Asher). And in December Rey underwent what he called chest reconstruction surgery, also known as top surgery, which he paid for out of pocket.
Melissa helped Rey through it, feeding him antibiotics and massaging his postsurgery chest with arnica cream. He joined a campus trans organization, GendeRevolution. In a few short months, he had become a full-blown activist. He quit smoking. To cap it off, he was bar-mitzvahed in Israel in January. Hed had his bat mitzvah at 13, but as Rey put it, he didnt feel connected to the experience. He was bar-mitzvahed without his parents in attendance, but he took the rite of passage to heart. After all, at 13 hed become a woman. Now, at 18, he was a man.
Despite the seriousness of the issues Rey has dealt with, all in such a short time, he often seemed like a giddy teenager, probably because he still was one. Clad in his usual uniform of baggy pants and a B-Boy cap covered with images of euros, he gossiped about his friends, music, sex and food, from time to time throwing his arm around Melissa, who is pixielike, slim and Reys height a little over five feet. She was wearing skinny jeans and ballet flats. She was so supportive of Reys transformation that she was taken aback when I asked if his period of postoperative recovery had been hard for her.
Hes so much happier now, she said. Even though Melissa always defined herself as a lesbian, she said her partners transition made sense to her. Part of the couples sangfroid is generational she and Rey see themselves as genderqueer rather than gay. For them, sexual orientation is fluid. Like some of their peers, Melissa and Rey want to be and sometimes imagine they already are part of the first generation to transcend gender.