This morning, Marty Klein PhD asked four related questions about child pornography and pedophilia of the members of the SexNet listserve. SexNet is open only to professionals in sex research and counseling. As far as I can tell, every member has either an MD or a PhD (and many of them have both).
Philip Tromovitch PhD has written the only reply thus far. He is probably the worlds expert on the sexual abuse of children and its consequences.
Dr. Kleins original questions are in black. Dr. Tromovitchs answers are in blue.
Marty Klein wrote:
Is there any actual evidence that:
* reading stories of adult-child sexual activity makes adults more likely to have sex with children?
None that I know of. And it's counter intuitive. Interest in that type of story would be a prerequisite to continued reading of such a story (interest comes causally first). And time spent reading is time not spent engaging in partnered sexual activity (hence fewer contacts).
* looking at pictures of adult-child sexual activity makes adults more likely to have sex with children?
Same as above.
See Diamond and Uchiyama (1999), International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 122, "Pornography, Rape, and Sex Crimes in Japan"
As "child pornography" availability increases, sex crimes against children decrease. Pornography acts as an alternative to partnered sexual contact, reducing contacts. This applies to both child and adult pornography. The more pornography, the fewer crimes. (Start with the Diamond article but see also the articles by Kutchinsky).
* adults show children pictures of adult-child sexual activity specifically to get these children to eventually comply with requests for sex? does this exposure actually make kids more likely to do so?
(tongue in cheek:) only if it looks like fun.
* the majority of adults who enjoy looking at pictures or reading stories of adult-child sexual interaction participate in adult-child sexual activity?
Clearly false. Given the large proportion of the population that has these interests (I am not talking about exclusive interest, but inclusive interest), there appear to be far too few contacts to justify such a belief. For a bibliography of studies showing large interest, see my posting from last week.
Original questions by Marty Klein, Ph.D
His web site is located at:
www.SexEd.org
Information on his most recent book can be found at:
www.AmericasWarOnSex.com
Answers (shown in blue) are by Philip Tromovitch, Ph.D.
Here is the bibliography that Tromovitch references:
Barbaree, H. E., & Marshall, W. L. (1989). "Erectile responses among heterosexual child molesters, father-daughter incest offenders, and matched nonoffenders: Five distinct age preference profiles." Canadian Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 21, 70-82.
Briere, J., & Runtz, M. (1989). "University males' sexual interest in children: Predicting potential indices of "pedophilia" in a non-forensic sample." Child Abuse and Neglect, 13, 65-75.
Briere, J., Henschel, D., & Smiljanich, K. (1992). "Attitudes toward sexual abuse: Sex differences and construct validity." Journal of Research in Personality, 26, 398- 406.
Byers, S.E., Purdon, C., & Clark, D.A. (1998). Sexual intrusive thoughts of college students." Journal of Sex Research, 35, 359-369.
Condy, Sylvia, Templer, Donald, Brown, Ric, & Veaco, Lelia (1987). "Parameters of sexual contact of boys with women." Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16(5), 379-394.
Crepault, C., & Couture, M. (1980). "Men's erotic fantasies." Archives of Sexual Behavior, 9, 565-581.
Farrall, W.R. (1992). "Instrumentation and methodological issues in the assessment of sexual arousal." In W. O'Donohue & J.H. Geer (Eds.), The sexual abuse of children:
Clinical Issues, Volume 2 (pp. 188-231) Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Fedora, O., Reddon, J. R., Morrison, J. W, Fedora, S. K., Pascoe, H., & Yendall, L. T. (1992). "Sadism and other paraphilias in normal controls and aggressive and nonaggressive sex offenders." Archives of Sexual Behavior, 21, 1-15.
Freund, K., McKnight, C.K., Langevin, R., & Cibiri, S. (1972). "The female child as surrogate sex object." Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2, 119-133.
Fromuth, M.E., & Conn, V.E. (1997). "Hidden perpetrators: Sexual molestation in a nonclinical sample of college women." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12, 456- 465.
Hall, G.C., Hirschman, R., & Oliver, L.L. (1995). "Sexual arousal and arousability to pedophilic stimuli in a community sample of normal men." Behavior Therapy, 26, 681- 694.
Hayashino, D.S., Wurtele, S.K., & Klebe, K.J. (1995). "Child molesters: An examination of cognitive factors." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10, 106-116.
Kellogg, N.D., & Hoffman, T.J. (1995). "Unwanted and illegal sexual experiences in childhood and adolescence." Child Abuse & Neglect, 19, 1457-1468.
Kilpatrick, Allie (1982). "The consequences of childhood sexual experiences for adult functioning." Florida State University. Dissertation.
Kilpatrick, Allie (1987). "Childhood sexual experiences: Problems and issues in studying long-range effects." Journal of Sex Research, 23(2), 173-196.
Langevin, R., Hucker, S.J., Ben-Aron, M. H., Purins, J.E., & Hook, H.J. (1985). "Why are pedophiles attracted to children? Further studies of erotic preference in heterosexual pedophilia." In R. Langevin (Ed.), Erotic preference, gender identity, and aggression in men: New research studies (pp. 181-209). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Marshall, W. L., Barbaree, H. E., & Christophe, D. (1986). "Sexual offenders against female children: Sexual preferences for age of victims and type of behavior." Canadian Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 18, 424-439.
McConaghy, N., Zamir, R., & Manicavasagar, V. (1993). "Non-sexist sexual experiences survey and scale of attraction to sexual aggression." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 27, 686-693.
Smiljanich, K. & Briere, J. (1996). "Self-reported sexual interest in children: Sex differences and psychosocial correlates in a university sample." Violence & Victims, 11, 39-50.
Templeman, Terral, & Stinnett, Ray (1991). "Patterns of sexual arousal and history in a 'normal' sample of young men." Archives of Sexual Behavior, 20(2), 137-150.