JesusA (imported) wrote: Tue Feb 17, 2009 12:37 pm While I suspect that we will eventually discover that autism is a catch-all category for several different disorders, there is one recent article that shows an interesting correlation between fetal testosterone levels and autistic behavior in children at ages 6 to 10. Correlation does NOT equal causation in either direction, but it ought to bring attention to the subject and lead to further research to see if there is some sort of causal relationship.
The study encompassed 235 children for whom fetal testosterone had been measured for entirely other medical purposes. Their mothers were quizzed about autistic-type behavior in these children at a much later date. NONE of the children actually has been diagnosed with autism, so this is yet one more level removed from a causal study. Girls who were exposed to higher testosterone levels in utero were more likely to demonstrate autistic-type traits than those exposed to lower levels. Boys exposed to higher testosterone levels were also more likely to demonstrate autistic-type traits. When both populations were shown on a scatter diagram, they clustered along a line running from low T/low autistic traits to high T/high autistic-traits. The correlation is high enough to be considered significant.
Simon Baron-Cohen, the second listed author and the head of the Autism Research Center at Cambridge University where the research was conducted, is probably the world's best-known autism researcher, and the author of some excellent books on the subject including the classic Mindblindness and The Essential Difference.
Its much too early to pass judgment on this study (published only this month), but it certainly provides interesting food for thought .
Fetal testosterone and autistic traits
Authors: Auyeung, Bonnie1; Baron-Cohen, Simon1; Ashwin, Emma1; Knickmeyer, Rebecca1; Taylor, Kevin2; Hackett, Gerald3
Source: British Journal of Psychology, Volume 100, Number 1, February 2009 , pp. 1-22(22)
Publisher: British Psychological Society
Abstract:
Studies of amniotic testosterone in humans suggest that fetal testosterone (fT) is related to specific (but not all) sexually dimorphic aspects of cognition and behaviour. It has also been suggested that autism may be an extreme manifestation of some male-typical traits, both in terms of cognition and neuroanatomy. In this paper, we examine the possibility of a link between autistic traits and fT levels measured in amniotic fluid during routine amniocentesis. Two instruments measuring number of autistic traits (the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST) and the Child Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-Child)) were completed by these women about their children (N=235), ages 6-10 years. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was measured in a subset of these children (N=74). fT levels were positively associated with higher scores on the CAST and AQ-Child. This relationship was seen within sex as well as when the sexes were combined, suggesting this is an effect of fT rather than of sex per se. No relationships were found between overall IQ and the predictor variables, or between IQ and CAST or AQ-Child. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that prenatal androgen exposure is related to children exhibiting more autistic traits. These results need to be followed up in a much larger sample to test if clinical cases of ASC have elevated fT.
DOI: 10.1348/000712608X311731
Affiliations: 1: Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 2: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK 3: Department of Foetal Medicine, Rosie Maternity Hospital, Cambridge, UK
A woman pregnant during a stressful time, with reciprocal elevated fT levels, would give birth to a male child with perhaps more aggressive male traits. Anyone whose taken a gut blow from an autistic kid nows what I'm talkin' about! This could be all be linked to the survival of the human species.
just a theory(at this point anyway)
chilli-