I cannot comment on castrating boys, but often, people born with male plumbing have a female gender--what we often call transsexual.
Girls born with boy bodies generally know about it long before puberty. From Annie Richards' wonderful page on Treatment of Young MTF Transsexuals:
http://annierichards.tripod.com/young.htm
According to one study, two thirds of transsexual boys are aware that they belong to the opposite sex and exhibit noticeable "cross-gender behaviour" by age 5, and 77% by age 10. Another study of 137 MTF transsexuals confirms these figures, finding 70% exhibited cross-gender behaviour before age 10, and another 20% before age 15.
Although the child may not admit to his transsexual desires at this stage, the parents will often start to have some concerns about their son. The onset of puberty is a critical point as the child is faced with his own undesired physical masculinisation, often combined with a great jealously of girls and their physical changes, by age 15 some 90% are exhibiting feminine behaviour. This is the point where many transsexual children finally admit to their wish to be a girl and they, or their parents, seek help.
Years ago, help for young TS people was very restricted, and even not allowed in Western countries. However, the Standard of Care do now allow the prevention of puberty in young transsexuals:
http://www.hbigda.org/socv6.cfm
Adolescents may be eligible for puberty-delaying hormones as soon as pubertal changes have begun. In order for the adolescent and his or her parents to make an informed decision about pubertal delay, it is recommended that the adolescent experience the onset of puberty in his or her biologic sex, at least to Tanner Stage Two. If for clinical reasons it is thought to be in the patient's interest to intervene earlier, this must be managed with pediatric endocrinological advice and more than one psychiatric opinion.
I certainly wish that I could have had that treatment prior to my hideous male puberty. And I do know people who were able to transition prior to puberty. Life is so much more normal. Again from Annie Richards:
However it is important to note that many boy-to-girl transsexual's do not consider themselves to be transsexual - indeed they often actively dislike being called such - they just consider themselves to be girls. The brutal reality is that young transgirls often associate the word "transsexual" with TV documentaries featuring strange middle-aged men, married with children, who at the end of the programme still look, sound and behave like balding men wearing dresses to their very discriminating eyes and standards. Young transgirls simply can not relate themselves with these examples of transsexuality - their problems are totally different, and even passing is rarely one of them.
It is people like me who endure the discrimination--they can avoided it and I see no reason why they should suffer. A good example is Natta (featured in Annie's page). She was the one that took care of me for several weeks after my SRS. She started estrogen at age 11 and had SRS herself at age 16. I am so jealous!
It seems that the prevention of puberty for TS girls is an optimal idea. Their lives can be so much better than those of us who endure the wrong puberty.
Hugs,
Kelly
