It's interesting that the more important the animal is for humans, the more words there are for it in relation to age and sex. (This probably gets filed in the same place as the standard observation that "the Eskimo have 200 words for snow." They don't really; they only have about 30, but the idea is the same.)
Wild animals of importance usually have terms for the species in general, males, females (sometimes the same as the species name), and the young:
Deer = Buck (or "Stag" for a sexually mature, dominant buck) -- Deer (or the old-fashioned "Hind") ย- Fawn
Wild boar = Boar -- Sow -- Piglet (or, frequently in this area, just "Pig.") [This one's unusual in that the species is more commonly known by the MALE name, though they are also called "wild pig" by some people around here.]
Some terms get used across species, such as "Sow" for female bear as well as pigs, both domestic and wild, or "Queen" for sexually mature female ants, termites, and cats. ยTomย also works for both the male turkey and cat.
For domesticated animals, there's an additional term for the castrated male (if they are used for any purpose). For example, rabbits and ducks, while long domesticated are not normally castrated, hence no common term for the state. Dogs are castrated frequently enough and have been long enough that there OUGHT to be a term for them in English, but I can't think of one.
Human = Eunuch; Castrato; occasionally Gelding
Horse = Gelding
[Horses and humans also have separate terms for the young of both sexes - boy-girl : colt-filly - showing their cultural importance. The term "Entire" is sometimes used around here in place of ยStallionย to make even more specific that a male horse of any age has NOT been castrated; ยStallionย being reserved for a more mature male used specifically for breeding purposes.]
Cattle = Steer (when young or intended for meat); Ox (when older or intended as a work animal); occasionally Bullock. [The economic importance of the castrated male can be seen by the proliferation of terms.]
Rooster = Capon
Sheep or goat = Wether
Swine = Barrow (castrated before sexual maturity); Stag (castrated after sexual maturity)